VACCINE

Universal Immunisation Programme (U.I.P.)
Why in news?  As the Union Budget approaches, all eyes will be on allocations for the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP). Universal Immunisation Programme:
 Immunization Programme in India was introduced in 1978 as Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI).  The first three vaccines in the programme were BCG (against TB). DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and cholera.  The programme gained momentum in 1985 and was expanded as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) to be implemented in phased manner to cover all districts in the country by 198990.  The two major milestones of UIP have been the elimination of polio in 2014 and maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination in 2015. Diseases Protected by Vaccination under UIP:
 Under UIP, immunization is providing free of cost against 12 vaccine preventable diseases:  Nationally against 9 diseases -Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, Rubella, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis, Hepatitis B and Meningitis & Pneumonia caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B  Sub-nationally against 3 diseases - Rotavirus diarrhoea, Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines under UIP:
 BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)  DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid)  OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)  Measles  Hepatitis B  TT (Tetanus Toxoid)  JE vaccination (in selected high disease burden districts)  Hib containing Pentavalent vaccine (DPT+HepB+Hib) (In selected States) New vaccines:
 Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)  Rotavirus vaccine (RVV)  Measles Rubella (MR) vaccine  Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)  Tetanus and adult diphtheria (Td) vaccine